Hawaii Barber Operator Practice Exam

What is the main ingredient in most hair lighteners?

1. Ammonia

2. Hydrogen peroxide

3. Sodium chloride

4. Ethyl alcohol

The correct answer is: Hydrogen peroxide

The main ingredient in most hair lighteners is hydrogen peroxide. This chemical acts as an oxidizing agent, which helps to break down the natural pigment in the hair, known as melanin. When applied, hydrogen peroxide causes the hair to lighten by gradually removing its color. In many formulations, hydrogen peroxide is used in combination with other agents, like ammonia, which creates a more effective lightening and lifting process. However, hydrogen peroxide is essential for achieving the desired lightening effect because of its ability to penetrate the hair cuticle and oxidize the pigment. Other options such as ammonia, sodium chloride, and ethyl alcohol do not serve as the primary active ingredient for lightening hair. While ammonia can be found in some formulations as a way to open the hair cuticle for better penetration of hydrogen peroxide, it is not the main lightening agent. Sodium chloride, commonly known as salt, does not play a role in lightening hair but may be involved in the formulation for texture or stability. Ethyl alcohol is typically used as a solvent or carrier in various cosmetic products and does not contribute to the lightening process itself.